Robertson Symposium  Canberra, 15- 17 September 1997

Processing Visual Motion in the Real World - A Survey of Computational, Neural, and Ecological Constraints

This workshop was sponsored by:

• Research School of Biological Sciences
• Centre for Visual Sciences
• Department of Industry, Science and Tourism

Sunday, 14. 9. 1997

18:00 Cocktail reception, University House

Monday, 15. 9. 1997

Morning

Session : Early motion vision Drawing Room, University House

9:00 - 10:30 Short statements

• A. Bouzerdoum (Australia): Synaptic interactions and motion detector models
• M. Ibbotson (Australia): Neural mechanisms of motion sensitivity in vertebrates
• D. Vaney (Australia): Retinal mechanisms of motion detection in vertebrates
• S. Cropper (Australia): Parallel pathways in early motion processing ?

10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break

11:00 - 12:30 Discussion on Early motion vision

12:30 - 14:00 Lunch

Afternoon

Session 2: Motion-based image segmentation (Drawing room, University House)

14:00 - 15:30 Short statements

• M. Egelhaaf (Germany): Figure-ground segregation
• J. Zanker (Australia): Combining early motion signals
• O. Braddick (England): Transparency, segmentation & integration
• N. Qian (USA): Physiology of transparent motion processing

15:30 - 16:00 Coffee break

16:00 - 17:30 Discussion on Motion-based image segmentation

18:30- Barbecue, Drawing Room Terrace, University House

Tuesday, 16. 9. 1997

Morning

Session 3: Extracting and using optic flow: Principal limits and matched filters
(Drawing Room, University House)

9:00 - 10:30 Short statements

• H. Krapp (USA): Optic flow neurons in insect brains
• H.-J. Dahmen (Germany): Matched optic flow filters
• F. Miles (USA): Optic flow sensing in primate brains
• J. Perrone (New Zealand): A model to extract optic flow information

10:30 - 11:00 Coffee break

11:00 - 12:30 Discussion on Extracting and using optic flow

12:30 - 14:00 Lunch

Afternoon

Session 4: Motion vision in action (Drawing Room, University House)

14:00 - 15:30 Short statements

• J. Atkinson (England): The development of visuomotor control
• M. Land (England): Scanning and steering
• B. Newsome (USA): Decision strategies
• M. Srinivasan (Australia): Using motion cues in robotics
• G. Sandini (Italy): Sensorymotor coordination of artificial systems

15:30 - 16:00 Coffee break

16:00 - 17:30 Discussion on Motion vision in action

Free evening

Wednesday, 17. 9. 1997

Morning

Session 5: Coding motion in natural environments (Drawing Room, University House)

9:00 - 10:30 Short statements

• M. Eckert (Australia): Spatiotemporal statistics of the real world
• T. Maddess (Australia): Motion adaptation
• R. de Ruyter van Steveninck (USA): The reliability of coding
• A.-K. Warzecha (Germany): Precision of coding behaviourally relevant information
• J. Zeil (Australia): Natural motion signals

10:30 - 11;00 Coffee break

11:00 - 12:30 Discussion on Coding motion in natural environments

12:30 - 14:00 Lunch

Afternoon

Session 6: A Survey of Computational, Neural, and Ecological Constraints (Drawing Room, University House)

14:00 - 15:30 Summary statements and general discussion

15:30 - 16:00 Coffee break

16:00 - 17:30 Editorial session on book plan and layout

19:00 - Dinner, Sukothai Restaurant, Yarralumla

(1) Early motion vision

• Bouzerdoum A (1993) The elementary movement detection mechanism in insect vision. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B339: 375-384
• Cropper, S. J. & Derrington, A. M. (1996). Detection and motion detection in chromatic and luminance beats. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 13, 401-407.
• Cropper, S. J. & Derrington, A. M. (1996). Rapid colour-specific detection of motion in human vision. Nature, 379, 72-74.
• Ibbotson, M.R. and Maddess, T. (1994) Spatiotemporal Response Properties of Direction-Selective Neurons in the Nucleus of the Optic Tract and Dorsal Terminal Nucleus of the Wallaby, Macropus eugenii. J. Neurophysiol. 72: 2927 - 2943
• Metha AB, Vingrys AJ, Badcock DR (1994) Detection and discrimination of moving stimuli: the effects of color, luminance, and eccentricity. J Opt Soc Am A 11: 1697-1709
• Vaney D.I. (1994) Territorial Organization of Direction-Selective Ganglion Cells in the Rabbit Retina. J. Neurosc. 14: 6301-6316

(2) Motion-based image segmentation

• Braddick O (1993) Segmentation versus integration in visual motion processing. TINS 16: 263-268
• Braddick, O.J. (1995) Seeing motion signals in noise. Curr.Biol. 5(1):7-9
• Egelhaaf, M. and Borst, A. (1993) A look into the cockpit of the fly: Visual orientation, algorithms, and identified neurons. J.Neurosci. 13:4563-4574
• Qian N, Andersen RA, Adelson EH (1994) Transparent motion perception as detection of unbalanced motion signals. I. Psychophysics. The Journal of Neuroscience 14: 7357
• Qian N, Andersen RA (1994) Transparent motion perception as detection of unbalanced motion signals. II. Physiology. The Journal of Neuroscience 14: 7367-7380
• Warzecha, A.-K., Egelhaaf, M., and Borst, A. (1993) Neural circuit tuning fly visual interneurons to motion of small objects. I. Dissection of the circuit by pharmacological and photoinactivation techniques. J.Neurophysiol. 69:329-339
• Zanker, J.M. (1996) On the elementary mechanism underlying secondary motion processing. Proc.R.Soc.Lond B 351:1725-1736
• Zanker, J.M. (1995) Of Models and Men: Mechanisms of Human Motion Perception. In: Early Vision and Beyond, edited by Papathomas, T.V., Chubb, C., Gorea, A., and Kowler, E.Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, p. 156-165.

(3) Extracting and using optic flow: Principal limits and matched filters

• Busettini, Masson & Miles (1996) A role for stereoscopic depth cues in the rapid visual stabilization of the eyes, Nature, 380: 342-345.
• Dahmen HJ, Wüst RM, Zeil J (1997) Extracting egomotion parameters from optic flow: Principal limits for animals and machines. In Venkatesh S, Srinivasan MV (eds) From living eyes to seeing machines. Oxford Univesity Press, Oxford, p174-198
• Krapp HG, Hengstenberg R (1996) Estimation of self-motion by optic flow processing in single visual interneurons. Nature 384: 463-466
• Miles FA (1993) The sensing of rotational and translational optic flow by the primate optokinetic system. In: Miles FA, Wallman J (eds) Visual motion and its role in the stabilization of Gaze. Elsevier, Amsterdam London, New York, pp393-403
• Perrone, J.A. (1992) Model for the computation of self-motion in biological systems. J.Opt.Soc.Am. A 9:177-194
• Perrone JA, Stone LS (1994) A model of self-motion estimation within primate extrastriate visual cortex. Vision Research 34: 2917-2938

(4) Motion vision in action

• Atkinson, J. (1984) Human visual development over the first 6 months of life. A review and a hypothesis. Human Neurobiol. 3:61-74
• Braddick, O.J., Atkinson, J., and Hood, B. (1995) Striate cortex, extrastriate cortex, and colliculus: some new approaches. In: Infant Vision, edited by Vital-Durand, F., Braddick, O.J., and Atkinson, J.Oxford:Oxford University Press, p. 203-220.
• Chahl, J.S. and Srinivasan, M.V. (1996) Visual computation of egomotion using an image interpolation technique. Biol.Cybern. 74:405-411
• Land MF, Lee DN (1994) Where we look when we steer. Nature 369: 742-744
• Land MF, Horwood J (1995) Which part of the road guide steering? Nature 377: 339-340
• Newsome WT (1997) Deciding about motion: linking perception to action. J Comp Physiol A181: 5-12
• Sandini G, Gandolfo E, Grosso E, Tistarelli M (1993) Vision during action. In: Aloimonos Y (ed) Active perception. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass Publ, Hillsdale New Jersey, pp 151-190
• Shadlen MN, Newsome WT (1994) Noise, neural codes and cortical organization. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 4: 569-579
• Srinivasan, M.V. and Davey, M. (1995) Strategies for active camouflage of motion. Proc.R.Soc.Lond B 259:19-25
• Zeil J, Kelber A, Voss R (1996) Structure and function of learning flights in bees and wasps. J Exp Biol 199: 245-252
• Zohary E, Shadlen MN, Newsome WT (1994) Correlated neuronal discharge rate and its implications for psychophysical performance. Nature 370: 140-143

(5) Coding motion in natural environments

• Eckert MP, Buchsbaum G (1993) Efficient coding of natural time varying images in the early visual system. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 339: 385-395
• Ibbotson, M.R. and Maddess, T. (1994) The effects of adaptation to visual stimuli on the velocity of subsequent ocular following responses. Exp.Brain Res. 99:148-154
• Maddess, T. and Ibbotson, M.R. (1992) Human ocular following responses are plastic: Evidence for control by temporal frequency-dependent cortical adaptation. Exp.Brain Res. 91:525-538
• O'Carroll DC, Bidwell NJ, Laughlin SB, Warrant EJ (1996) Insect motion detectors matched to visual ecology. Nature 382: 63-66 d
• e Ruyter van Steveninck RR, Lewen GD, Strong SP, Koberle R, Bialek W (1997) Reproducibility and Variability in Neural Spike Trains. Science 275: 1805-1808
• de Ruyter van Steveninck RR, Bialek W (1995) Reliability and Statistical Efficiency of a Blowfly Movement-Sensitive Neuron. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond B 348: 321-340
• Warzecha, A.-K. and Egelhaaf, M. (1997) Intrinsic properties of biological motion detectors prevent the optomotor control system from getting unstable. Phil.Trans.R.Soc. B 351:1579-1591
• Warzecha, A.-K. and Egelhaaf, M. (1997) How reliably does a neuron in the visual motion pathway of the fly encode behaviourally relevant information? Europ. J. Neurosc. 9: 1365-1374

Watson, A.B. and Eckert, M.P. (1994) Motion-contrast sensitivity: visibility of motion gradients of various spatial frequencies. J.Opt.Soc.Am. A 11:496-505.

Active Participants

Janette Atkinson

• ucjtsja@ucl.ac.uk
• Visual Development Unit, Department of Psychology University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England
• phone: ++44 171 - 380-7574 FAX: ++44 171 - 380-7576

Abdesselam Bouzerdoum

• bouzerda@eleceng.adelaide.edu.au
• Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
• phone ++61 8 - 8303-5464 FAX ++61 8 - 8303-4360

Oliver Braddick

• o.braddick@ucl.ac.uk
• Visual Development Unit, Department of Psychology University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England
• phone: ++44 171 - 380-7574 FAX: ++44 171 - 380-7576

Simon Cropper

• simon@chimera.psych.unimelb.edu.au
• Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
• phone ++61 3 - 9344-4208 FAX ++61 3 - 9347 6618

Hansjuergen Dahmen

• hansjuergen.dahmen@uni-tuebingen.de
• Lehrstuhl für Biokybernetik, Universität Tübingen, Germany
• phone: ++49 7071 - 29-3452 FAX: ++49 7071 - 29-2891

Michael P Eckert

• meckert@ee.uts.edu.au
• University of Technology, Sydney, School of Electrical Engineering, PO Box 123, Briadway, NSW 2007, Australia
• phone: ++61 2 - 9514-2428 FAX: ++61 2 - 9514-2435

Martin Egelhaaf

• Martin.Egelhaaf@biologie.Uni-Bielefeld.de
• Lehrstuhl für Neurobiologie, Universiät Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
• phone: ++49 521 - 106-5570 FAX: ++49 521 - 106-6038

Michael Ibbotson

• ibbotson@rsbs.anu.edu.au
• Centre for Visual Sciences, RSBS, Australian National University G.P.O. Box 475, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
• phone ++61 6 - 249-5066 FAX ++61 6 - 249-3808

Holger Krapp

• krapp@sunwan.mpik-tueb.mpg.de
• Caltech, Division of Biology, 139-74 Pasadena, California 91125, USA
• phone: ++1 818 - 395-2797 FAX ++1 818 - 449-5163

Mike Land

• M.F.Land@sussex.ac.uk
• Centre for Neurosciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, England
• phone ++44 1273 - 678505 FAX ++44 1273 - 678535

Ted Maddess

• maddess@rsbs.anu.edu.au
• Centre for Visual Sciences, RSBS, Australian National University G.P.O. Box 475, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
• phone ++61 6 - 249-5441 FAX ++61 6 - 249-3808

Fred Miles

• fam@lsr.nei.nih.gov
• Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, Building 49, Room 2A50, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda MD 20892-4435, USA
• phone: ++1 301 - 496-2455 FAX: ++1 301 - 402-0511

Bill Newsome

• bill@monkeybiz.Stanford.EDU
• Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University Medical School, Sherman Fairchild Bldg Rm D209, Stanford CA 94305-5401
• phone ++1 415 - 725-5814 FAX ++1 415 - 725-3958

John A. Perrone

• jpnz@waikato.ac.nz
• Psychology Department, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
• phone: ++64 7 - 838-4466 ext 8291 FAX: ++64 7 - 856-2158

Ning Qian

• nq6@columbia.edu
• Centre for Neurobiology and Behaviour, Columbia University 722 West 168th Street, # 730A, New York NY 10032, USA
• phone: ++1 212 - 960-2213 FAX: ++1 212 - 960-2561

Robert Ruyter Van Stevenick

• ruyter@research.nj.nec.com
• NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way Princeton, NJ 08540
• phone FAX 1 609 951 2496

Giulio Sandini

• giulio@dist.unige.it
• DIST, LIRA-Lab, University of Genova; Via Opera Pia, 13; 16145 Genova, Italy
• phone: ++39 10 - 353-2779 FAX: ++39 10 - 353-2948

Mandyam V. (Srini) Srinivasan

• m.srinivasan@anu.edu.au
• Centre for Visual Sciences, RSBS, Australian National University, G.P.O. Box 475, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
• phone ++61 6 - 249-2409 FAX ++61 6 - 249-3808

David Vaney

• vaney@vthrc.uq.edu.au
• Vision Touch Hearing Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
• phone ++61 7 - 336-53759 FAX ++61 7 - 336-54522

Ann-Katrin Warzecha

• ak.warzecha@biologie.Uni-Bielefeld.de
• Lehrstuhl für Neurobiologie, Universiät Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
• phone: ++49 521 - 106-5569 FAX: ++49 521 - 106-6038

Johannes M. Zanker

• johannes.zanker@anu.edu.au
• Centre for Visual Sciences, RSBS, Australian National University G.P.O. Box 475, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
• phone ++61 6 249-5441 FAX ++61 6 - 249-3808

Jochen Zeil

• zeil@rsbs-central.anu.edu.au
• Centre for Visual Sciences, RSBS, Australian National University G.P.O. Box 475, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
• phone ++61 6 - 249-5066 FAX ++61 6 - 249-3808